2　常用质量控制指标

2　Quality control indicators

2.1　形态学诊断比例

2.1　Morphological verification，MV%

由病理学家依靠显微镜下组织学检查做出诊断具有较好准确性和可靠性，包括脱落细胞学或外周血的血液病检查。MV%是评价有效性和完整性的指标。其绝对指标意义有限，常用的方法是与相似的区域内适当的标准进行比较。

The stated diagnosis of cancer cases based on histological examination under microscope，exfoliative cytology or hematological examination of peripheral blood can be more accurate.MV% is an indicator of the validity and completeness of the diagnostic information.The absolute value of the MV% can have little meaning.It is most frequently used to make comparisons with appropriate criteria within similar areas.

2.2　死亡发病比

2.2　Mortality to incidence ratios，M/I

死亡发病比为同一时期内死亡数与新发病例数之比。死亡数据来源于生命统计，应独立于肿瘤登记数据。M/I相对过大，提示数据不完整，发病登记存在漏报，M/I相对过小，提示发病数据中有重复记录可能，同时还要考虑生命统计的数据完整性和有效性问题。如果死因登记数据质量有保证，那么M/I≈1~5年生存率。

Mortality to incidence ratios is a comparison of the number of deaths，obtained from a source independent of the registry（usually，the vital statistics system），and the number of new cases of a specific cancer registered，in the same period of time.M/I value greater than expected lead to a suspicion of incompleteness.There might be under-reporting of cancer cases.M/I value smaller than expected lead to a suspicion of duplications of cancer cases，or under-report of cancer deaths.There might be under-reporting of cancer cases.If the quality of vital statistics system is good，the M/I ratio is approximated by 1-survival probability（5 years）

2.3　仅有死亡医学证明书比例

2.3　Death certificate only，DCO%

来自死亡证明书的病例称为死亡补充发病（Death Certificate Notification，DCN）病例，当无法追踪到死亡前任何癌症确认信息时称为“仅有死亡医学证明书”（DCO）病例。DCO%是评价有效性和完整性的指标之一，与临床或病理诊断的病例记录相比，DCO病例的信息显然准确性差。DCO%高，提示病例发现流程存在不足。

Cancer cases notified to registries via death certificates is death certificate notified（DCN）cases.Cancers cases for which no other information other than a death certificate mentioning cancer can be obtained are death certificate only registrations（DCOs）.DCO% is an indicator of the validity and completeness of the diagnostic information.Compared with cancer cases with clinical or histological diagnosis，the information of DCO cases is less accurate.A high DCO% reflects flaws in case tracing procedures.

2.4　信息缺失所占比例

2.4　Proportion of missing information

信息缺失所占比例指年龄不明、性别不明、其他或未指明部位肿瘤、诊断依据不明等所占的比例，是评价有效性的指标。其他或未指明部位肿瘤的ICD-10编码包括：C26、C39、C48、C75、C76-C80。信息缺失所占比例在一个适当的范围内，且比例不能过低。

Proportion of missing information is the proportion of cases with unknown age，unknown sex，other and unspecified cancer sites or unknown diagnosis basis.It is an indicator of the validity of the diagnostic information.The ICD-10 codes for cases with other and unspecified cancer sites are：C26，C39，C48，C75，C76-C80.Proportion of missing information should be within an appropriate scope.It shouldn′t be too low.