前言
Foreword

肿瘤登记是对肿瘤流行情况、趋势变化和影响因素进行长期、连续、动态的系统性监测，是制定癌症预防控制策略、开展综合防控研究、评价防控效果的重要基础性工作。这项工作的标志性成果之一就是，每年以年报的形式及时发布全国肿瘤登记监测数据。中国肿瘤登记年报已成为我国癌症预防与控制不可或缺的宝贵资料，在不同历史时期均发挥了极其重要的作用。我国的肿瘤登记，自20世纪50年代起步至今，已走过60多年的发展历程，从无到有，从小到大，风雨兼程，愈挫弥坚，离不开几辈专业人士的拓荒与坚守，更离不开党和国家的高度重视，肿瘤登记工作已经探索出了符合我国实际的发展道路，成为我国癌症防控工作的重要组成部分。

目前，我国已建成覆盖全国的肿瘤登记随访监测系统，连续动态发布肿瘤登记年报，持续推进肿瘤生存随访。截至2021年底，肿瘤登记已覆盖全国2 085个县区，覆盖人口10.45亿，全国肿瘤登记中心也完成了《中国肿瘤登记数据集》团体标准立项及制定工作，完成了全国肿瘤登记信息平台建设工作，我国的肿瘤登记工作国际影响逐步扩大，国际评价我国为肿瘤登记数据质量一类地区，中国的肿瘤登记主动承担国际及区域肿瘤登记责任，不断为世界肿瘤登记工作贡献中国智慧。

肿瘤防控再出发，肿瘤登记先行，随着肿瘤等慢性非传染性疾病在世界公共卫生问题中的比重逐步加重，癌症负担等慢病基础数据的必要性、连续性、重要性必将日益凸显，进一步提升肿瘤登记数据质量，促进登记数据与死因监测数据、临床诊疗信息数据以及人口数据、医保数据等其他信息的对接交换、互联互通，促进信息资源共享利用，是肿瘤登记工作的重中之重，也是大势所趋。

《2021中国肿瘤登记年报》是自2008年首次出版以来的第15卷。本年报汇总了2018年我国肿瘤登记地区癌症监测数据。国家癌症中心收到来自中国31个省（自治区、直辖市）及新疆生产建设兵团（未包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省）947个肿瘤登记处上报数据。通过对数据审核和质量控制，有700个肿瘤登记处数据入选本年报。此次年报对所有癌症合计及22类癌症的发病和死亡数据进行了详细分析，并分地区、年龄别和性别比较了癌症分布差异。考虑到各省已经开始发布本地区的肿瘤负担数据，本次全国年报不再展示各省区县级的肿瘤登记数据。

60多年转瞬即逝，肿瘤登记工作是中国人民防癌抗癌历程中浓墨重彩的一笔，但中国肿瘤登记的过去并未远去，我们仍在前辈开拓出的路上坚定前行。回顾中国肿瘤登记从小到大、从弱到强的发展历程，我们能够体会前辈的艰辛与坚守，我们更心存感激，我们更骄傲自豪，我们几辈人薪火相传，已经探索出了符合中国实际的肿瘤登记道路！我们感恩前辈的筚路蓝缕，砥砺付出，最好的回报是传承和发展，我们深信，在党和国家“健康中国”战略的指引下，我国肿瘤登记工作必将会成绩斐然，再创辉煌！

在全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控新常态环境下，肿瘤登记工作者在积极落实防控措施的前提下，不忘本职，无怨无悔地及时完成了年报数据上报清理、统计分析、编撰出版工作。《2021中国肿瘤登记年报》的顺利出版凝结着全国各肿瘤登记处全体工作人员的辛苦付出和35位编写、审校人员的辛勤劳动，年报的出版也得到了国家疾病预防控制局、国家卫生健康委员会宣传司一如既往的具体指导和大力支持，我们在此表示最衷心的感谢！

编者从登记点选择、数据清理、统计分析、图表呈现、文字描述等方面反复核实，力求做到数字真实、描述准确，竭力避免不必要的失误，然而由于水平和知识有限，加之入选年报的登记点数量剧增，数据体量巨大，工作中难免出现纰漏，敬请国内外同行和广大读者批评指正。

国家癌症中心

2022年6月

Cancer Registration is a long-term，continuous，dynamic and systematic monitoring system.It monitors the epidemic state，trend changes，and influence factors of cancer.Cancer Registration is the fundamental work of formulating cancer prevention and control strategies，launching comprehensive prevention and control research，and evaluating prevention and control results.One prominent achievement of cancer registration in China is to publish the China Cancer Registry Annual Report，which has been a great value for cancer prevention and control in different periods of the country.Since the primary stage in the 1950s，China cancer registration has gone through 60 years of development.In the past 60 years，it has developed from scratch，from small to large，and has experienced tremendous hardships.It is inseparable from the pioneering spirit and persistence of several generations of professionals，and also inseparable from the guidance and care of the Party and the State.China cancer registration has explored a way in line with the reality of our country，and has become an important part of cancer prevention and control in China.

At present，China has established a nationwide cancer registration and follow-up monitoring system，which can continuously and dynamically release Cancer Registry Annual Report，and constantly promotes follow-up of cancer survival.By the end of 2021，cancer registration has covered 2 085 counties and districts with population coverage of 1.045 billion.The National Cancer Center has also completed the establishment and formulation of the association standard of China Cancer Registration Data Set and the construction of the National Cancer Registration Information Platform.The international influence of China cancer registration is gradually expanding.China has been evaluated as the first-class region in terms of the quality of cancer registration data.China actively takes the responsibility of international and regional cancer registration work，and constantly contributes China wisdom to the world.

Cancer prevention and control are having an unprecedented development opportunity，and cancer registration needs to start before the others to lead cancer prevention and control.With the increasing proportion of chronic non-infectious diseases such as cancer in the public health problem worldwide，the necessity，the continuity，and the importance of basic data of cancer and other chronic diseases will become increasingly prominent.Enhancing the quality of cancer registration data，promoting the exchange and interconnection of registration data and death causing data，the clinical diagnosis and treatment information data，population data，medical insurance data，and other information，and the sharing and utilization of information resources are the essential part and the general trend of cancer registration.

Since the first volume of China Cancer Registry Annual Report published in 2008，this book is the 15th Annual Report.In this volume，cancer surveillance data of China cancer registration areas in 2018 was reported.A total of 947 cancer registries submitted data to National Cancer Center（NCC）in China，including 31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（not including Hongkong Tebiexingzhengqu，Macau Tebiexingzhengqu and Taiwan Sheng）.After data quality control，a total of 700 cancer registries were included in the present China Cancer Registry Annual Report.In this volume，we summarized and analyzed data of the incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and 22 cancer sites by including overall analysis and analysis by age，sex and area.Considering that all provinces have begun to release the cancer burden data of their own regions，this national annual report will no longer show the cancer registration data at the county level.

Cancer registration is an important part of the anticancer process in China in the last 60 years.However，the history of China cancer registration has not passed away，and we are still proceeding on the way of our predecessors.We are grateful and proud of the hard work and persistence of our predecessors when looking back the development from small to large，from weak to strong of China cancer registration.Through the efforts of several generations，China cancer registration has explored a way in line with the reality of our country.We are grateful to the contribution of our predecessors and will continue the inheritance and development in return.We are convinced that China cancer registration will make brilliant achievements under the guidance of“Healthy China”Strategy of the Party and the State.

In the new period of regular prevention and control of COVID-19，all faculties of cancer registries did not forget their duties and complete the reporting，cleaning，analyzing and publishing works of the annual report without complaint while actively implementing epidemic prevention and control measures.The successful publication of the 2021 China Cancer Registry Annual Report embodies the hard work of all staff members in different cancer registries across the country.It also reflects the hard work of 35 editors and reviewers.National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control，Department of Publicity in National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China have also provided guidance and support in the publication of the 2021 China Cancer Registry Annual Report.We acknowledge all staff working for the cancer registries and the editorial board who contributed to this publication.

In order to assure the data is real，objective，accurate and without unnecessary mistakes，the authors write carefully and verify repeatedly for choosing the cancer registries，cleaning data，doing statistical analysis，rendering charts and describing data.However，due to the knowledge limitation，and the intensively increased cancer registries，the vast data volume may lead to some mistakes in the work.Colleagues and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

National Cancer Center

June 2022