第一章　概述
Chapter 1　Introduction

1　中国人群肿瘤登记系统简介

1　Population-based cancer registration system in China

肿瘤登记是对癌症流行情况、趋势变化和影响因素进行长期、连续、动态的系统性监测，是制定癌症预防控制策略、开展综合防控研究、评价防控效果的重要基础性工作。我国的肿瘤登记工作已走过了60多年发展历程，人群肿瘤登记工作在不同时期，都为国家癌症防控提供了科学翔实的肿瘤负担和流行情况，有力支撑了我国癌症防控政策策略制定和实施。

近几十年我国人群肿瘤登记工作进展迅速，成绩举世瞩目。2008年，国家卫生部设立“肿瘤登记随访项目”并纳入“国家重大公共卫生专项中央财政转移支付项目”，在全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）及新疆生产建设兵团（未包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省）逐步建立了覆盖全国的人群肿瘤登记和监测随访网络，逐步开展人群为基础的肿瘤发病、死亡和生存的信息收集工作。2015年国家卫生和计划生育委员会、国家中医药管理局联合下发《肿瘤登记管理办法》，从制度上保证了全国肿瘤登记工作的顺利开展。多年来，在上级主管部门的领导和大力支持下，全国肿瘤登记处数量和质量逐年提升。截至2022年底，开展人群肿瘤登记工作的登记处为2 806个，覆盖全国人口99.8%，目前收集到的肿瘤负担数据，能够较为全面地反映我国癌症发病、死亡、生存状况及变化趋势。

Cancer Registration is a long-term，continuous，dynamic，systematic monitoring system.It monitors cancer’s epidemic state，trend change and influence factor.Cancer Registration is the fundamental work of formulating cancer prevention and control strategies，launching comprehensive prevention and control research，and evaluating prevention and control results.After 60 years’development，the cancer registry provides scientific and detailed information about cancer burden and epidemic state for national cancer prevention and control，as well as supports the formulation and implementation of the cancer prevention and control policy in the different periods.

In recent decades，our cancer registry has progressed rapidly，and its outstanding achievements have attracted worldwide attention.Since 2008，the former Ministry of Health set up the“National Cancer Registration and Follow-up Program”to support the cancer registration in China with sustainable funding.All 31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities）and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China（not including Hongkong Tebiexingzhengqu，Macau Tebiexingzhengqu and Taiwan Sheng）have gradually established a cancer registration framework.Population-based cancer incidence，mortality and survival information are collected through the cancer registration system.In 2015，the National Health and Family Planning Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine co-published Chinese Cancer Registration Management Regulation，which provides a legal protection on cancer registration in China.Under the leadership of the Chinese government，there has been a steady increase in the numbers and quality of population-based cancer registries in China.Until the end of 2022，there are a total of 2 806 population-based cancer registries，with 99.8% population coverage.Trends and updated statistics of cancer incidence，mortality and survival are comprehensively reported from the data the cancer registry collected.

但我们也应看到，随着大数据时代的到来和现代网络信息技术的发展，传统登记监测手段的不足逐步显现，逐渐无法满足国家卫生决策、人民群众不断增长的健康需求及癌症预防、临床诊治、科学研究工作的及时高效服务需求。针对现阶段存在的肿瘤登记点数量不足和分布不均衡、肿瘤登记数据深度和广度不足、信息资源交互共享利用度低等问题，《健康中国行动——癌症防治实施方案（2019—2022年）》中，对肿瘤登记工作以制度标准、数据质量和资源共享为切入点，通过“扩面”“提质”“增效”三个方面的具体行动措施，全面推进肿瘤登记工作。“扩面”就是要通过修订《肿瘤登记管理办法（2015）》和《中国肿瘤登记工作指导手册（2016）》、发布肿瘤登记共识性政策文件和肿瘤登记工作实施方案、扩大登记年报覆盖面、落实省级责任制等工作进一步健全肿瘤登记报告制度。“提质”就是要通过推动国家肿瘤登记平台工程、建立多级肿瘤登记点专家团队、制定登记数据收集标准及随访监测数据质量标准等方面的工作，提升肿瘤登记数据质量。“增效”就是要通过加强肿瘤登记信息化建设、制定登记数据管理方法和数据信息安全管理方法、推进不同信息资源对接、开展大数据应用研究等，促进信息资源共享利用。

积极落实国家系列规划、计划等政策文件精神，国家癌症中心已基本完成了全国肿瘤登记信息平台的建设工作，今年年报的部分数据就是通过新的平台上报。相信在新的发展机遇下，中国的肿瘤登记工作必将实现肿瘤数据实时上报、动态监测和多维呈现，更为及时有效地为我国肿瘤防控的政策制定、工作实施、效果评估等提供坚实的科学依据，更好地服务“健康中国”战略。

However，with the advent of the big data era and the development of modern internet technology，the deficiencies of traditional registration monitoring methods gradually emerged.It cannot fully support the national health decision making，satisfy the increasing demand of people’s health concerns and fulfill the requirements of cancer prevention，clinical diagnosis，treatment and scientific research.Due to the insufficient and unevenly distributed cancer registries，the insufficient data depth and breadth，and the low utilization of interactive sharing of information resources，The Plan of Healthy China—The Implementation Plan of Cancer Prevention and Control（2019-2022）develops three implementation strategies：“Coverage Expansion” “Quality Improvement”and “Efficiency Increment”to fully promote cancer registry from system standards，data quality and resource sharing aspects.“Coverage Expansion”：by revising Chinese Cancer Registration Management Regulation（2015）and Chinese Guideline for Cancer Registration（2016），releasing consensus policy of cancer registration and implementation proposal of cancer registration，expanding the coverage of the annual report and fulfilling provincial responsibility system to further improve the cancer registration system.“Quality improvement”：by promoting the“National Cancer Registration Platform Project”，establishing a multi-level cancer registration expert team and developing the standards of registration data collection and data quality monitoring to improve the data quality of cancer registration.“Efficiency Increase”：by strengthening the information construction of cancer registration，developing registration data management regulation and data security management regulation，promoting the integration of different resources，and conducting big data application research，to increase the efficiency of sharing and utilization of information resources.

The National Cancer Center has mainly completed the construction of the National Cancer Registration Information Platform.Part of the data in this year’s annual report was reported through the new platform.It is believed that under the new development opportunity，the cancer registration work of China will achieve realtime reporting，dynamic monitoring and multi-dimensional presentation.This work will provide solid scientific support for the policy formulation，work implementation，and effect evaluation of cancer prevention and control of China in a more timely and effective manner，so as to serve the “Healthy China” strategy better.